Just like humans, pigeons could use an occasional checkup every once in a while even if they don’t look sick! Your specific routine may vary—take your bird’s lifestyle into account and use your best judgement—but this list should give you a good baseline for what a responsible healthcare routine could look like, roughly ordered from the most frequent to the least.

• Weigh your bird every couple of weeks and keep track. Health Checkup at Home has a useful section on weighing your bird; there is no universal “healthy” weight—even among birds of the same breed—but you should watch out for significant (over 10%) deviations over time, as it can be a very helpful early sign of an illness.
• Perform an at-home checkup every month or two. Health Checkup at Home has a list with instructions, and all of that could easily be done on your own! Regularly taking your bird outside, keeping them in an environment where they could potentially be exposed to hazards, or noticing any unusual behaviors are all good reasons to keep the checkups on the more frequent side (monthly). If your pigeon lives at home, doesn’t go outdoors, and is kept in an extremely safe environment, it’s fine to do less frequent check-ups—perhaps every couple of months.
• Trim nails as needed. See Trimming Nails to understand how to trim your pigeon’s nails and when a nail trim might be needed.
• Preventatively deworm every six months—or every three if your pigeon gets exposure to the outdoors. See Deworming for detailed instructions; this is important even if you don’t see any visible signs of worms!
• Take your pigeon to a vet once a year for a full check-up. Even if your bird seems completely healthy, a check-up with a qualified vet can uncover less visible conditions and nip serious illnesses in the bud. If you don’t have a trusted vet already (you really should!), Crowdsourced Pigeon Vet List or Screening a Vet are good places to start.